نشریه زبان و ادب فارسی
پیاپی 24 (پاییز 1394)

With the advent of poems, prose and white, and with the loss of many features of classical Persian poetry, hard to the statement of a "novel" and part of a "prose poem" felt different, although today many theorists , to express some element dividing line such as "metaphorical" and the "virtual" have asked to between poetry and other literary texts, distinguish, looks back on this issue, the deadlock has been encountered. The most important features of classical Persian poetry, musical elements, prosodic weight and it is, that due to the elimination of these features in prose poems, many poems, in terms of substance and form, with lots of stories and novels are not distinguishable in this study, with some elements of classical poetry, is shown, which insists classical rhetoricians and poets, the prosodic elements such as weight, consciously and deliberately have been on and why the revolution in lyrics were not and did not want to get rid of prosodic meter limit therefore a critical review of blank verse and prose, and we will show that this kind of poetry, because the emancipation of musical elements and prosody, can never be perfect poem and in terms of form and substance with other literary texts, including novels and stories, etc., are not distinguishable and recognizable.

The perception of social condition derived from the literature and letter can conduct the researchers to achieve an imbibition beyond the formal and prominent viewpoints of society. Being one of the most significant tools in the perception of social status, the literature has been analyzed in this study to reveal the social role and status of women; accordingly, three feminine authors have been chosen, i.e. Simin Danshvar; RaziehTojjar and Fereshteh Molaviwhose their works have been studied in this contribution. Women in the works of Daneshvar are assumed to have a more socially active role in comparison to those of other authors. Contrarily, women in Tojar ‘books are believed to be the traditional women with partially persistent dissatisfaction, indicating surrendered wife without any will, power and authorization. More obviously, the independent and single-minded women can be inferred from the works by Daneshvar, having some social roles in addition to those of housekeeping and efforts to improve and modify their status and society. Several socially-oriented women are observed in the works of Molavi, indicating an interstitial social status of women in relation to those by Danashvar and Tojjrar

No doubt that morality is one of the most fundmental topics in social and personal life of every nation. In islam after monotheism nothing has been efforted like morality because of this ethical issues in Persian literature and poetry had a great reflection especially onrumis poems. Negative and destructive effects and also positive effects of inherent trait of greed in humans life is undeniable for this sake it has a high position in holy quran and masnavi. This paper has sought to study comparatively the meaning of greed. Its frequency different kinds of nation results and solutions for it in holy quran and masnaviwidly and whit influence of holy quran the verses related to greed and it refered to valuable aspects which extermly needed nowadays by our community. In their views, greed has two aspects: negative and positive. The most important negative effects of it includes ,blinding and deafening, depriving from mystical knowledge, depriving fromlords mercy, production of sorrow. useless suffering and unacceptance of praying….

The Pentad (Khamse) by Nezami is among the literary works that has been attractive for literary people. The poetical narrative of Haft Peikar is the fourth piece from the Pentad that includes adventurous tales. The theme of this piece is the tale of Bahram Gour from birth to death. One of the tales of the piece is the Good and Evil tale that illustrates Bahram Gour sitting on the dome seat on Thursday and storytelling by the king’s daughter of region VI.In this article, first comes the summary of the tale and then the structure of the tale is analyzed on the basis of Vladimir Propp’s morphological patterns. Propp believed that there are some rules governing all folk tales and after studying them and by correct formulization the structure is obtained. Beside presenting the features of the tale and explaining some elements, the author of the article tries to investigate the structure of the tale through dividing it into smaller structures based on the mentioned patterns and shows that Good and Evil tale is an educational-lyrical tale and one of the moral tales of Haft Peikar collection.

Since the advent of Islamic thought, the theme of “Essence” and “Existence,” their differences, which one is preceding and original and which one is credential and secondary, encloses the most essential philosophical notions and ideas in Islamic thoughts. The classifying of two sections of “Existence,” and “Essence” that is introduced by Farabi and Ibn Sina into Islamic philosophy became a branch of traditional, established Scholastic philosophy both in East and West. This two part classification turned into the source of many philosophical subjects and problems in East and West. It included the issue of originality whether the Existence is original and Essence is credential or vice versa: Essence is original and Existence is credential? This issue formed the first and the most essential step in the ontological contemplation among Muslims. Nevertheless the vision of mystics on ontology can be indicated that the Islamic mystics propounded Pantheism in general. They believe that the universe and its components are all the shadow of the origin of Existence who is Almighty, or they are the mirror for the reflection of manifestation of Almighty. Attar is also a mystic and a poet of Monism whose ideology is based on Pantheism. His endorsement of this attitude is quite obvious in his works. This research besides the summery of the ideas and notions of philosophers and mystics on the ontology issue, includes the assessment of the evolution course of this attitude in Attar’s works.

"Rouh-Al-Arvah Fi Sharhe Asmae-Al-Maleko-Al-Fattah" is the oldest independent Persian oeuvre about describing the names of Allah which is writing by Shahaboddin Abolghasem Ahmadebne Abi Mozaffar Mansour Sam'ani. since Tallying has been one the important methods of authors for writing of theosophy books, Sam'ani also has used this method for interpreting the sacred names in Rouh-Al-Arvah.In this research, tales of mentioned book has been studied and since one practical methods of studding stories is structuring analysis of them, and Vladimir Propp, Russian researcher, is one of the first persons who has considered this kind of folktale analysis; Rouh-Al-Arvah tales have been studied in basis of the Morphology theory of Propp. By studding 100 stories of Russian fairies, he showed that the stories of fairies, unlike the seeming differences, have some kind of similarities in terms of different types of their characters and operations. He also found that the number of these operations are limited and have similar sequence. In this research by studding the ten theosophy tales of Rouh-Al-Arvah in basis of Propp Morphology model, capability of adaptation for this model studied about tales of this book and the result indicates that the structure of theosophy tales do not completely correspond with the Propp model; but by elimination of some functions like absence, pursuit, release, identify, disgrace, wedding And by adding the function of assistance will help and failure of hero to the Propp model, the theosophy tales of this book could be studied in basis of Propp Morphology theory and also extend it to other theosophy tales.

The current paper deals with representing religious symbols in ancient artwork (based on the myth of creation in Zoroastrianism, Zarvani, Mani and Mazdak). Autobiographical myths and sacred right which occurred in eternal time and in such a symbolic and imaginary existence and annihilation how to start it. Peoples beliefs, as well as social, economic and political power in the ancient civilization led to the creation myth in Iran before Islam is a spiritual connotation and cultural shows. Therefore, in this study, after providing a brief description of Ancient explores the concept of myth in the religion of Zoroaster, Zarvani, Mani and Mazdak will. It is worth noting that the content of this article is through library research is descriptive analysis method.

Content analysis is one of the different approaches of literary criticism for reading and criticizing literary texts around us.  Content analysis is a method for discovering and understanding thoughts, themes and governing world of a text, or different texts. Trough this approach the covered and uncovered content of a literary text is studies in a systematic way.Using the available sources and analyzing their content is the research method for this study.This paper tries to study the main themes or motifs of Human, Struggle and Love in Shirko Bikas, Kurdish- Iraqi poet, and Ahmad Shamlou, Iranian Poet. The content analysis of their poetry shows common world, concerns and thoughts in their poetry.